Viscosity plays a crucial role in determining whether fluid flow is laminar or turbulent. In smooth flow, the fluid particles move in parallel stratas, with minimal mixing. This occurs when the rate of the fluid is slight and the resistance is pronounced. Conversely, turbulent flow is characterized by chaotic movement of fluid particles. High rate

Semiconductors play a fundamental role in modern electronics due to their ability to regulate the flow of electricity under specific conditions. They can be broadly classified into two categories: intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors. Intrinsic semiconductors, such as pure silicon or germanium, possess limited conductivity because their valence b